Hawker Sieddeley believe that the HS.748 is the. The Hawker Siddeley HS-748 is a British civilian aircraft. Designed and built as an airliner it was also used by militaries as cargo aircraft and for aerial test support. Hawker-Siddeley HS-748. Hawker Siddeley PDF ( 45 Free Books) HAWKER AIRCRAFT. FS2004 Hawker Siddeley HS.748 v1 full package.
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(Redirected from Hawker Siddley Group)
Public | |
Industry | Aerospace, Engineering |
---|---|
Fate | Aircraft business merged with British Aircraft Corporation and Scottish Aviation. Group divested. |
Predecessor | Hawker Aircraft |
Successor | British Aerospace Bristol Siddeley |
Founded | 1934; 85 years ago (as Hawker Siddeley Aircraft Co.) |
Defunct | 29 April 1977; 42 years ago (aircraft production) 1992; 27 years ago (whole company) |
Headquarters | Kingston upon Thames, Greater London , |
Key people | Harry Hawker (Co-founder) J. D. Siddeley (Co-founder) Thomas Sopwith (Co-founder, Chairman & Life President) |
Subsidiaries | Hawker Aircraft, Gloster Aircraft Company, Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft, A. V. Roe and Company; A.V. Roe Canada/Hawker Siddeley Canada (from 1945), Folland Aircraft (from 1959), de Havilland Aircraft (from 1960), Blackburn Aircraft (from 1960) |
Hawker Siddeley was a group of British manufacturing companies engaged in aircraft production. Hawker Siddeley combined the legacies of several British aircraft manufacturers, emerging through a series of mergers and acquisitions as one of only two such major British companies in the 1960s. In 1977, Hawker Siddeley became a founding component of the nationalised British Aerospace (BAe). Hawker Siddeley also operated in other industrial markets, such as locomotive building (through its ownership of Brush Traction) and diesel engine manufacture (through its ownership of Lister Petter). The company was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
- 1History
- 2Products
- 3Key people
- 5References
History[edit]
Origins[edit]
Hawker Siddeley Aircraft was formed in 1935 as a result of the purchase by Hawker Aircraft of the companies of J. D. Siddeley, the automotive and engine builder Armstrong Siddeley and the aircraft manufacturer Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft.[1] At this time, Hawker Siddeley also acquired A.V. Roe & Company (Avro), Gloster Aircraft Company (Gloster) and Air Training Services.[1] The constituent companies continued to produce their own aircraft designs under their own name as well as sharing manufacturing work throughout the group.
During the Second World War, Hawker Siddeley was one of the United Kingdom's most important aviation concerns, producing numerous designs including the famous Hawker Hurricane fighter plane that, along with the Supermarine Spitfire, was Britain's front-line defence in the Battle of Britain.[1] During this campaign, Hurricanes outnumbered all other British fighters, combined, in service and were responsible for shooting down 55 percent of all enemy aircraft destroyed.
Avro Canada[edit]
In 1945, the Hawker Siddeley purchased Victory Aircraft of Malton, Ontario, Canada from the Canadian government, renaming the company A.V. Roe Canada, commonly known as Avro Canada, initially a wholly owned subsidiary of Hawker Siddeley.[2] Avro Canada underwent a major expansion through aircraft development and acquisition of aircraft engine, mining, steel, railway rolling stock, computers, electronics, and other businesses to become, by 1958, Canada's third largest company directly employing over 14,000 people and providing 45% of the parent company's revenues.[3] During its operation, Avro Canada aircraft (built) included the C102 Jetliner, CF-100 Canuck, CF-105 Arrow and VZ-9- AV Avrocar. Only the CF-100 fighter entered full-scale production.[2] Other design projects (not built) included supersonic transport (SST) passenger aircraft, a mach-2 VTOL fighter, hovercraft, a jet engine-powered tank, and the hypersonic Space Threshold Vehicle.[4] After the cancellation of the Arrow, the company began to unravel. In 1962, A.V. Roe Canada was dissolved and the remaining assets were transferred to the now defunct Hawker Siddeley Canada.[2]
Royal Air Force Hawker Siddeley Hawk T.1A, with its pilot. This aircraft, used for aerobatic displays, is in a special colour scheme.
Postwar[edit]
In 1948, the company name was changed to Hawker Siddeley Group. The aircraft division would become Hawker Siddeley Aviation (HSA) and the guided missile and space technology operations as Hawker Siddeley Dynamics (HSD). In 1959, the aero engine business, Armstrong Siddeley was merged with that of the Bristol Aero Engines to form Bristol Siddeley.[1] In the late 1950s, the British government decided that with the decreasing number of aircraft contracts being offered, it was better to merge the existing companies, of which there were about 15 surviving at this point, into several much larger firms. Out of this decision, came the 'order' that all future contracts being offered had to include agreements to merge companies. In 1959, Folland Aircraft was acquired, followed by de Havilland Aircraft Company[1] and Blackburn Aircraft in 1960. In 1963, the names of the constituent companies were dropped, with products being rebranded as 'Hawker Siddeley' or 'HS'. In this period, the company developed the first operational, and, by far, the most successful VTOL jet aircraft, the Harrier family.[1] This aircraft remained in production into the 1990s and remains in service.
Kingston headquarters and factory[edit]
In 1948, Hawker Siddeley acquired a factory in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, on the Richmond Road near Ham. This was to become their main aircraft factory and headquarters.[5]
Expansion into railways[edit]
In 1957, Hawker Siddeley purchased the Brush group of companies that included Brush Electrical Machines, and Brush Traction, which manufactures electromotive equipment and railway locomotives.[6] The Brush prototype locomotives Falcon, and the futuristic but over-weight HS4000 'Kestrel', were produced there. Other railway engineering assets were acquired, including Westinghouse Brake & Signal[7] and the engine builder Mirrlees Blackstone, which came with the Brush businesses.[8]
Caboose built in the Hawker Siddeley plant of Thunder Bay, Ontario
In the early 1970s, Hawker Siddeley's Canada Car and Foundry subsidiary began to build rapid transit vehicles for the North American market. The first order was for the Port Authority Trans-Hudson line and consisted of 46 PA-3 cars numbers 724–769, which were largely based on the original hexagonal profile PA-1 & PA-2 cars designed and built by the St. Louis Car Company during 1966–67. Later Hawker Siddeley would sell the same general design to the MBTA in Boston for their Blue and Orange Lines. 70 48' cars were delivered to the Blue Line in 1978–80 and 120 65' cars were delivered to the Orange Line in 1980–81. Hawker Siddeley also manufactured much of the Toronto subway system's older rolling stock, the H5 and H6 models. The heavy rail manufacturing business, based in Mississauga and Thunder Bay, Ontario, are now part of Bombardier Transportation.
MBTA also bought a number of commuter rail coaches from the German firm Messerschmitt, thereby teaming Hawker Siddeley with its old World War II rival under the same organisation.
Nationalisation of aircraft production[edit]
On 29 April 1977, as a result of the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977, Hawker Siddeley Aviation and Dynamics were nationalised and merged with British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) and Scottish Aviation to form British Aerospace.[1] However, HSA and HSD accounted for only 25% of the Hawker Siddeley business by this time, and the non-aviation and foreign interests were retained by a holding company known as Hawker Siddeley Group Plc after 1980.
Rationalisation and sale to BTR[edit]
The group rationalised in the 1980s, focusing on railway engineering and signalling, industrial electronics and instrumentation and signalling equipment.
Orenda Aerospace, the only remaining original company from the Avro Canada / Hawker Siddeley Canada era, although greatly diminished in size and scope of operations, became part of the Magellan Aerospace Corporation.[9]
The late 1980s also saw Hawker Siddeley divest itself of much of its other North American heavy manufacturing enterprises. Its Talladega, Alabama-based TreeFarmer heavy equipment business was sold to Franklin Equipment in 1990[10] andits Canadian rail car production facilities were split between SNC-Lavalin and Bombardier in 1992.[11]
In 1992, Hawker Siddeley Group Plc was acquired by BTR plc for £1.5bn.[12]
Hawker Siddeley name today[edit]
In 1973, HS acquired the industrial electronics firm South Wales Switchgear. Later known as Aberdare Holdings, in 1992 this company was renamed Hawker Siddeley Switchgear (HSS).[13] They have an Australian subsidiary, Hawker Siddeley Switchgear Australia. Another company which retains the name is Hawker Siddeley Power Transformers.[14]
In 1993, British Aerospace sold its corporate jet product line to the American Raytheon Aircraft Company. In 2006 the product line was sold to a new company to be known as Hawker Beechcraft, owned by Onex Partners and Goldman Sachs.[15]
Products[edit]
A Hawker Siddeley Trident.
Aircraft[edit]
The Hawker Siddeley name was not used to brand aircraft until 1963. Prior to this, aircraft were produced under the name of the subsidiary company (e.g. Hawker Hurricane, Hawker Sea Hawk, Gloster Javelin, Gloster Meteor). First flight date is in parentheses.
- HS.121 Trident (1962) – originated as de Havilland DH.121 airliner.
- HS.125 & Dominie (1962) – originated as the de Havilland DH.125. Military service as Dominie
- P.139B – AEW and COD aircraft project.
- HS.141 (1978/1979) – V/STOL airliner project submission.
- HS.146 (1981) – entered production and later renamed the BAe 146.
- HS.748 (1960) – originated as Avro 748 turboprop airliner.
- HS.780 Andover (1965) – military derivative of HS748
- P.1121 – a Hawker project
- P.1127 Kestrel (1964) – a Hawker project
- Harrier (1966) – see also Harrier Jump Jet
- P.1154 (1960s) – V/STOL combat aircraft project
- HS.801 Nimrod (1967) – development of the de Havilland Comet as a naval patrol aircraft
- Nimrod R.1 (1973) - signals intelligences aircraft
- HS.1182 Hawk (1974) – advanced jet trainer
- Airbus A300 – Hawker Siddeley designed and built the wings of the A300 airliner.
- Argosy (1959) – known as Armstrong Whitworth Argosy until individual 'brands' dropped in 1963. Built by Hawker Siddeley during the early 1960s. The last Argosy was built in 1965.
- Buccaneer (1958) – originated as the Blackburn Buccaneer. Hawker Siddeley built the Buccaneer for the Royal Navy, plus the South African Air Force during the 1960s, also a number of S Mk.2B aircraft for the Royal Air Force.
- Comet 4 – first flying as the de Havilland Comet airliner in 1949. The Comet 4 was still being built by Hawker Siddeley in the early 1960s. The final Comet 4 rolled off the production line in 1964.
- Dove – originated as the de Havilland Dove. Hawker Siddeley built the Dove during the 1960s. The last Dove was rolled off the production line in 1967.
- Gnat – originated as the Folland Gnat. Hawker Siddeley built a number Gnats during the early 1960s, for the Finnish Air Force, Indian Air Force and the RAF.
- Heron – originated as the de Havilland Heron. Built by Hawker Siddeley in the early 1960s. The Last Heron was rolled off the production line in 1963.
- Hunter – originated as the Hawker Hunter. The Hunter was still being built by Hawker Siddeley in early 1960s. The final Hunter rolled off the production line in 1966.
- Sea Vixen – originated as the de Havilland Sea Vixen. Hawker Siddeley built the Sea Vixen during the early 1960s. The last Sea Vixen was delivered to the Royal Navy in 1965.
- Vulcan – originated as the Avro Vulcan. Hawker Siddeley built the Vulcan during the early 1960s. The last Vulcan was delivered to the RAF in 1965.
- Armstrong Whitworth AW.681 – transport project renamed as HS.681
- Hawker Siddeley Helicrane – a cancelled flying crane helicopter project in three variants, HS (Helicopter Small), HM (Helicopter Medium) and HL (Helicopter Large). The project was inherited from Blackburn, their Blackburn SP.62 design had six Bristol Siddeley turbojets in the rotor head exhausting at the rotor tips.[16]
Missiles and rockets[edit]
- Blue Steel – 'stand-off' nuclear weapon developed by Avro
- Blue Streak (missile) – de Havilland medium range nuclear missile
- de Havilland Firestreak – air-to-air missile
- Europa rocket – Hawker Siddeley built the first stage of the Europa rocket (derived from the Blue Streak).
- Martel (missile) in collaboration with Matra
- Sea Dart – surface-to-air missile
- Sea Slug – Armstrong Whitworth surface-to-air missile.
- Taildog/SRAAM, an experimental missile that eventually turned into the BAE ASRAAM.
Space hardware[edit]
Heavy Equipment[edit]
- TreeFarmer (heavy logging equipment)
Hawker Siddeley Canada[edit]
The Canadian subsidiary produced rail cars, transit vehicles and engines (aircraft and ship).
Key people[edit]
Aircraft designers and engineers[edit]
Test pilots[edit]
Managing Directors[edit]
- Sir Roy Dobson
- Sir Arnold Alexander Hall
- Sir John Lidbury
- Eric Rubython CBE
- R.R Kenderdine
- C.D.MacQuaide
Founder President[edit]
- Sir Thomas Sopwith[17]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ abcdefgUS Centiennal of Flight Commission – Hawker SiddeleyArchived 25 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ abcThe Avro Arrow – A Broken Dream
- ^Whitcomb, p. 26
- ^Whitcomb, pp. 10, 11, 236, 275.
- ^'The Great Richmond Road aircraft factory'. Hawker Association. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
- ^'Company History | Brusk UK'. The BRUSH Group.
- ^'Invensys Rail: History'. Invensys Rail Group. Archived from the original on 4 November 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^'Brief History and Development Of Mirrlees Blackstone'. Anson Engine Museum.
- ^Magellan Aerospace Corporation: History
- ^Franklin: The realisation of the American Dream
- ^CAW members ratify three-year agreement
- ^Brush Traction: History
- ^HSS: History
- ^Hawker Siddeley Power Transformers
- ^Raytheon to sell jet subsidiary
- ^Woods, Derek Project Cancelled
- ^'Sir Thomas Sopwith to retire'. Flight International. 2 December 1978. p. 1996.
Bibliography[edit]
- Campagna, Palmira. Requiem For a Giant: A.V. Roe Canada and the Avro Arrow, Dundurn Press, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oxford, UK;
- Whitcomb, Randall. Cold War Tech War: The politics of America's air defense, Apogee Books, Burlington, Ontario, Canada, 2008. ISBN978-1-894959-77-3
- Zuk, Bill. Avrocar: Canada's Flying Saucer: The story of Avro Canada's Secret Projects. Boston Mills Press, Erin, Ontario, Canada 2001. ISBN1-55046-359-4
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hawker Siddeley. |
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Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawker_Siddeley&oldid=892779822'
Hawker Siddeley Transformers
Hawker Siddeley HS 748
HS 748 | |
---|---|
West Air Sweden HS 748 Srs2/244 | |
Role | Airliner |
Manufacturer | Avro Hawker Siddeley Hindustan Aeronautics |
First flight | 24 June 1960 |
Status | Active service |
Primary users | Indian Air Force Indian Airlines Corporation Air North VARIG |
Produced | 1961-1988 |
Number built | 380 |
Variants | Hawker Siddeley Andover BAe ATP |
The Hawker Siddeley HS 748 is a medium-sized turbopropairliner originally designed by the British firm Avro in the late 1950s as a replacement for the aging DC-3s then in widespread service as feederliners. Avro concentrated on performance, notably for STOL operations, and found a dedicated market. 380 aircraft were built by Hawker Siddeley. A larger, stretched development of the HS 748, the BAe ATP, attempted to compete with the de Havilland Canada Dash 8 but saw a limited production run.
- Development1
- Variants2
- Accidents and incidents3
- Operators4
- Civil operators4.1
- Former civil operators4.2
- Military operators4.3
- Specifications (Super 748)5
- Survivors6
- See also7
- References8
- External links9
Development
BKS Air Transport Avro 748 Series 1 at Manchester in 1964
The original 748 design was started in 1958, after the infamous Duncan Sandys1957 Defence White Paper ended most military manned-aircraft development in the UK, and Avro decided to re-enter the civilian market.
The Vickers Viscount had the larger end of the short-haul market, and Avro therefore decided to design a smaller regional airliner powered by two Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engines, intended to replace the many DC-3 Dakotas that were by then reaching the end of their economic lifespan. Original plans were for a 20-30 seat aircraft with a similar configuration to the Fokker F27, but talks with potential customers soon led to a low-wing 40 seat design being chosen for the 748 project.
Avro was not the only company to see the potential for a DC-3 replacement, and by this point work on the 748's direct competitor, the Fokker F27 Friendship turboprop, was well advanced. Avro therefore decided to compete by producing a more rugged design with better short-field performance, allowing it to operate from smaller airports and those with rough surfaces. This was accomplished with a long, high lift wing and a unique single slot flap with a hinged flap tab at the trailing edge. The wing was mounted low on the fuselage with dihedral from the root, allowing good overall ground clearance and easy mounting of strong durable landing gear. Other features of the 748 included an internal engine starting system, and systems and structures that were designed to be easy to inspect and repair in the field with limited equipment. The 748 was one of the first medium-sized aircraft to use fail-safe design principles in the structure, instead of the then common safe-life principles. Because of these features, the 748 quickly became popular (and still is today) with a variety of airlines operating in remote areas thanks to its ability to haul payloads of over 10,000 lbs in and out of short rough fields with little to no ground service equipment.
The first Avro 748 flew from the company's Woodford, Cheshire aircraft factory on 24 June 1960, and testing of the two prototypes quickly proved the type's short-field performance. 18 Avro 748 Series 1 aircraft were produced, the first for Skyways Coach-Air being delivered in April 1962. However, the majority of the series 1 were delivered to Aerolíneas Argentinas. By this point, Avro's individual identity within the Hawker Siddeley Group had ended and the design became known as the HS 748.
After the initial batch of series 1 aircraft production switched to the series 2, which was similar to the series 1 but with more powerful RR Dart RDa 7 Mk 531 engines and increased gross weight. In 1967 the series 2A was introduced which, again, was the same basic aircraft but with Mk. 532 engines and a further increase in gross weight. From 1971 on, a large freight door in the rear cabin and strengthened cabin floor were offered as options on the Srs 2A. In 1979 the Series 2B was introduced, which featured a 4-foot increase in wingspan at the tips, Mk 536-2 engines, a modernized passenger cabin, and improvements to the fuel, water methanol injection system, and engine fire protection systems.
In 1972, a Hawker Siddeley 748 was one of the last planes to be flown by noted aviator Howard Hughes. He took part in several flights, accompanied in the cockpit by Hawker Siddeley test pilot Tony Blackman, and taking off from the company's airfield at Hatfield.[1]
The 748 Series 1 and Series 2 were also licence-produced in India by Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) as the HAL-748. HAL built 89 aircraft in India, 72 for the Indian Air Force and 17 for the Indian Airlines Corporation. Hawker Siddeley also used the HS 748 as the base for their HS 780 Andover, a transport aircraft built for the Royal Air Force. The HS 780s were essentially 748s but with a redesigned rear fuselage and empenage which included a large rear loading ramp and a squatting main landing gear to allow fast and easy loading of large freight items.
Production of the HS 748 ended in 1988, by which time 380 were produced (including the Andover and HAL-748).
Bs 5839 part 1 2002 pdf editor. Typical passenger seating in the HS 748 is for 40-48 economy class seats (4 abreast), however most passenger HS 748s still in service are operated as quick change combis, with a movable bulkhead dividing the main cabin two, with anywhere from 4 to 40 seats in the rear section and cargo in the forward section. The 748 is also widely used as a pure freighter with a typical max payload of about 12,000 lbs. Several carriers also use the 748 as a bulk fuel hauler, with either seven or eight fixed tanks in the cabin with a total capacity of about 7500 litres (2000 US Gallons).
The ICAO designator as used in flight plans is A748.
The basic price for a new Avro 748 Series 1 in 1960 was £176,000, with the corresponding Avro 748 Series 2 being £196,000.[2]
Variants
- 748 Series 1 – The original Avro 748 twin-engined short / medium-range airliner, powered by two Rolls-Royce Dart RDa 7 Mk 514 turboprop engines. 24 were built.
- 748 Series 2 – The Series 2 entered production in 1961 with a higher take-off weight and Mk 531 engines. 111 were built.
- 748 Series 2a – The more powerful Series 2A followed in 1967, with a further increase in take-off weight and Mk 532 or 534 engines. 157 built, making the 748 one of the more successful British airliners and the 2A the most popular variant.
- 748 Series 2b – The main production model after Hawker-Siddeley was absorbed by British Aerospace, the 2B featured a 4-foot increase in wingspan over previous models, a further increase in weights, Mk 536 engines, a modernized cabin, and several systems improvements. 28 built.
- Super 748 – Basically the same as the 2B but fitted with hush kits on the engines. 8 Built.
- Hawker Siddeley HS780 Andover – Modified version of the 748 design for the Royal Air Force. Fitted with kneeling undercarriage, raised tail unit and rear loading ramp.
Hi-res cutaway of BAe Coastguarder | |
Hi-res cutaway of BAe Coastguarder by Flight Global. |
- Coastguarder – A maritime patrol version.
- 748 Andover – Military passenger transport versions of the 748.
- HAL 748 – Licence production by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited at Bangalore India. Indian aircraft were later modified for a variety of roles including a trials aircraft for an Airborne Early Warning version fitted with a large radome, known as the Airborne Surveillance Platform (ASP). A total of 89 HAL 748's were built.
- HAL 748 Series 2M – Production for the Indian Air Force (the last 20 built) were Series 2M aircraft with a large freight door.
Accidents and incidents
- On 10 July 1965, Avro 748-101 Series 1 G-ARMV of Skyways Coach-Air was written off in a landing accident at Lympne Airport. All 51 people on board survived. This was the first accident that resulted in a write-off on an Avro 748 / HS748.
- On 15 August 1967, two accidents involving HS-748-222 Series 2 aircraft of Channel Airways Limited, occurred roughly 90 minutes apart at Portsmouth Airport. In the first incident, G-ATEK, operating a scheduled service from Southend to Paris, via Portsmouth, landed in rainy conditions and was unable to stop in the available distance on the grass runway; the aircraft slid sideways, left the runway and stopped on top of an embankment. A little over an hour and a half later, aircraft G-ATEH, operating a scheduled service from Jersey, via Guernsey to Portsmouth, landed and slid on the runway, crashed through a perimeter fence and came to rest on the main Eastern Road. There were no injuries in either accident, but both aircraft sustained serious damage. An AIB investigation[3] reported that 'both accidents were caused by inadequate braking which had resulted from the extremely low coefficient of friction provided by the very wet grass surface over the hard, dry and almost impermeable sub-soil'.
- On 4 February 1970, Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 707, an Avro 748-105 crashed into the ground after the pilots lost control of the aircraft. The aircraft crashed at Loma Alta, Argentina and killed all 37 passengers and crew on board.
- On 9 December 1971: Indian Airlines - A Hawker Siddeley HS 748, near Chinnamanur was descending into Madurai when it flew into high terrain about 50 mi (80 km) from the airport, killing the four crew members and 17 passengers. Fortunately there were ten survivors. The accident occurred in reduced visibility during daylight hours.[4][5][6]
- 20 January 1976 – a TAME Hawker Siddeley HS 748-246 Series 2A registration HC-AUE crashed while flying over mountainous terrain at 10,000 feet. The aircraft struck trees with its right wing, lost control and crashed into the side of the mountain. The plane was en route from Loja to Simón Bolívar International Airport in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Six crewmembers and 28 passengers were killed while eight passengers survived the accident.
- 3 March 1978 - Línea Aeropostal Venezolana Hawker Siddeley HS 748 crashes on departure from Simón Bolívar International Airport, Venezuela, all 46 on board are killed.
- 7 September 1978 – Air Ceylon HS 748 4R-ACJ destroyed by fire while parked at Colombo-Ratmalana, resulting from detonation of bomb placed on board by terrorists. There were no fatalities.
- 31 July 1979 at Sumburgh Airport in the Shetland Islands,Scotland; Dan-Air Flight 0034, a Hawker Siddeley 748 series 1 (registration G-BEKF) operating an oil industry support flight crashed. The aircraft failed to become airborne and crashed into the sea. The accident was due to the elevator gust-lock having become re-engaged, preventing the aircraft from rotating into a flying attitude. The aircraft was destroyed and 17 persons died from drowning
- 22 August 1979 – An aircraft mechanic (a former non-commissioned officer of the Colombian Air Force) stole a military HS 748 (FAC-1101) from a military hangar at the Eldorado International Airport in Bogotá, Colombia. According to the news, this person stole the aircraft with the intention of crashing it against his parents' house. After some minutes in the air, it ran out of fuel and crashed, killing the impromptu pilot and three more people on the ground.[7]
- On 26 June 1981, Dan-Air Flight 240 an HS748 2A mail flight from Gatwick Airport to East Midlands Airport crashed at Nailstone killing the three (3) crew members on board. While descending, the right-hand rear door detached, struck the horizontal tail plane and became lodged on the leading edge. Control was lost, and the aircraft entered a steep dive. During the dive, the wings and tail plane failed due to overstressing.
- On 19 August 1981, Indian Airlines Flight 557, operated by HAL 748 VT-DXF overshot the runway at Mangalore-Bajpe Airport in wet weather. The aircraft came to a halt just beyond the runway edge. While there were no fatalities the aircraft damaged beyond repair and was written off. One of the passengers on board was Veerappa Moily ex - Cabinet Minister for Law, Justice and Company Affairs in the Government of India.[8][9]
- 11 October 1983 – Air IllinoisFlight 710 carrying 10 people crashed at night in a thunderstorm between Pinckneyville and Tamaroa, IL. The flight originated at Chicago's Meig's Field and had stopped at Springfield, IL. A transcript revealed that the left generator had failed after takeoff and the first officer had mistakenly isolated the right generator. Attempts to restore the right generator were unsuccessful for undetermined reasons. The captain elected to continue to the destination rather than return to the nearby airport. The cloud base was at 2000 feet MSL, but ATC could not provide an IFR below 3,000 feet just before the crash. The crew indicated a total loss of electrical power. The left generator drive shaft had sheared.[10]
- 27 June 1987 – Philippine Airlines Flight 206 crashed onto a mountain after poor visibility hampered the pilot's attempt to land at Loakan Airport in Baguio City, Philippines. All 50 passengers and crew on board were killed.
- 29 April 1995 – Sri Lanka Air Force Avro 748 CR835 a HS 748 serial CR835 (4R-HVB) was hit by an SA-7 missile filed by the LTTE while on approach to Palaly/KKS/Jaffna. All 45 occupants on board were killed.[11]
- 29 April 1995 – Sri Lanka Air Force Avro 748 CR834 a HS 748 serial CR834 (4R-HVA) was hit by an SA-7 missile filed by the LTTE while on approach to Palaly/KKS/Jaffna. All 52 occupants on board were killed.[11]
- On 11 January 1999, ASTE HAL-748 ASP/H-2175, an HAL 748 crashed into the ground after the pilots lost control of the aircraft. The aircraft crashed at Attur, Tamil Nadu, India and killed all 6 scientists and the 2 pilots on board.
- 5 September 1999 - Necon Air Flight 128 from Pokhara to Kathmandu, an BAe 748-501 Super 2B (9N-AEG), collided with a communication tower of Nepal Telecommunication Corporation and crashed in a wooded area 25 km west of Kathmandu, while approaching Tribhuvan International Airport. All 10 passengers and 5 crew were killed.[9]
- 1 June 2002[12] – Former South African cricket captain Outeniqua mountains northeast of the airport. Cronje, aged 32, and the two pilots were killed instantly. An inquest by South Africa's High Court reached the conclusion that 'the death of the deceased Wessel Johannes (Hansie) Cronje was brought about by an act or omission prima facie amounting to an offence on the part of pilots.'[13][14] However, with Cronje's involvement in match-fixing, theories that Cronje was murdered on the orders of a cricket betting syndicate have flourished since his death.[15]
- 12 June 2012[16] - A Wasaya Airways Hawker-Siddley 748 caught fire during ground operations at Sandy Lake First Nation in Northwestern Ontario. No injuries were reported. The aircraft burned to the ground. The left wing and nacelle survived.
- 17 February 2014 - an HS 748-371 LFD Srs 2B crash landed at Rubkona airport in South Sudan killing one crew member and injuring the other three. There were only four people on board the cargo plane which was carrying humanitarian Aid to South Sudan.[17]
- 14 November 2014[18] - A BAe HS-748 turboprop aircraft crashed on final approach to Panyagor airstrip in South Sudan, killing two crew members and seriously injuring a third crew member. The cargo plane was on a charter flight for the Lutheran World Federation and carrying relief supplies from Juba, South Sudan.
Operators
Civil operators
As of July 2013 a total of 22 HS 748 aircraft (all variants) remained in airline service. Current operators are:[19]
- 748 Air Services (1)
- Air Creebec (2)
- Air Inuit (2)
- Air North (5)
- Avro Express (1)
- Bismillah Airlines (4)
- Calm Air (1)
- CHC Stellavia (1)
- East Horizon Airlines (1)
- Planes For Africa (1)
- Safe Air Company (1)
- Stars Away Aviation (1)
- Wasaya Airways (3)
Former civil operators
- Botswana
- Antigua & Barbuda
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Varig (11) [one Avro 748 Series 2 prototype and 10 production aircraft]
- Canada
- First Air (9)
- Cape Verde
- Colombia
- Fiji
- Fiji Airways (now Air Pacific)
- Guyana
- Guyana Airways (now defunct)
- Indonesia
- Bali Air (now defunct) (4)
- India
- Vayudoot (now defunct)
- Indian Airlines (now Air India)
- Ireland
- Ryan Air (2) 1986-1989 Inaugurating the Dublin-London (Luton) Service
- Malawi
- Marshall Islands
- Mexico
- Aeromexico
- Aerocaribe (1) (Bought From Atlantic Airlines de Honduras)
- Nepal
- New Zealand
- Philippines
- Portugal
- Samoa
- Polynesian Airlines (2)
- South Africa
Air Cape SOUTH AFRICA {SAFMARINE} {regZS-JAY}
- Sri Lanka
- Aero Lanka (1)
- Air Ceylon (2)
- Lionair (1)
- Thailand
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad and Tobago Air Service (TTAS)
- United Kingdom
- Janes Aviation (2)
- United States
- Air Virginia (AVAir)
- Venezuela
- Zambia
Military operators
Royal Australian Air Force HS.748 at RAAF Laverton in 1971
- Australia
- Royal Australian Air Force
- School of Air Navigation RAAF/No. 32 Squadron RAAF – aircraft operated in navigation trainer configuration between 1968–2004
- No. 34 Squadron RAAF – aircraft operated in VIP configuration between 1967–1996
- Royal Australian Navy
- Fleet Air Arm (RAN) – operated between 1973–2000
- No. 723 Squadron RAN
- No. 851 Squadron RAN
- Fleet Air Arm (RAN) – operated between 1973–2000
- Belgium
- Belgian Air Force (Three operated from 1976, sold in 2001–2002 to Benin and replaced by four Embraer Regional Jets)
- Benin
- Brazil
- Brazilian Air Force
- Twelve aircraft operated between 1962–2005.
- Brunei
- Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)
- Cameroon
Hawker Siddeley Hs 748
- Cameroon Air Force – Retired
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- India
- Border Security Force Air Wing
- Indian Air Force : BH-572 Used by HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) Chairman
- Indian Air Force : On 25 November 2012, IAF announced the impending replacement and phasing out of the old Avro aircraft [2]
- Madagascar
- Nepal
- South Korea
- Republic of Korea Air Force: First introduction Time : April, 1974.
- Sri Lanka
- Tanzania
- Thailand
- United Kingdom
- Venezuela
Hawker Siddeley Hs 748 Cockpit
- Venezuelan Navy - Former operator.
- Zambia
Specifications (Super 748)
Data from Jane's Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades, 1994–95[20]
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General characteristics- Crew: Three (two pilots + one passenger attendant)
- Capacity: 40–58 passengers
- Payload: 11,323 lb (5,136 kg)
- Length: 67 ft 0 in (20.42 m)
- Wingspan: 102 ft 5½ in (31.23 m)
- Height: 24 ft 10 in (7.57 m)
- Wing area: 829 ft² (77 m²)
- Empty weight: 27,126 lb (12,327 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 46,500 lb (21,092 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Dart RDa.7 Mk 536-2 turboprop, 2,280 ehp (1,700 kW) each
Performance
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- Cruise speed: 281 mph (244 kn, 452 km/h)
- Range: 1,066 mi (926 nmi, 1,715 km) (with max payload)
- Service ceiling: 25,000 ft (7,620 m)
- Wing loading: 56.1 lb/ft² (274 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0.0981 hp/lb (0.161 kW/kg)
Survivors
- Avro 748 Srs 1 G-BEJD, c/n 1543 is preserved with the Speke Aerodrome Heritage Group at Liverpool John Lennon Airport, United Kingdom.[21]
See also
- Related development
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Hawker Siddeley Hs 748 Pdf Merger
- Related lists
References
- ^:*Blackman, Tony. Flight Testing to Win. Lulu.com, 2005, p. 265.
- ^http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1960/1960%20-%202661.html
- ^http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/1-1971%20G-ATEK%20and%20G-ATEH.pdf
- ^http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=12809155&tabId=4&BV_ID=@@@
- ^http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/1971/Dec09/index.html
- ^http://www.hwh22.it/xit/S02_documenti/doc_aercrash.html#1971
- ^'FAC-1101 Newspaper report'. elespectador.com News Website. 23 August 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
- ^'Moily's close shave in Mangalore 30 years ago'. The Hindu. 22 May 2010.
- ^'description'. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^'The Crash of Flight 710'. DuQuoin.com. Retrieved 5 Jan 2011.
- ^ ab'Sri Lanka, since 1971'. ACIG Journal. 29 October 2003. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^'Report of SZ-OJU, which occurred on 1 June 2002'. South African Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
- ^Cronje inquest opens
- ^Pilot error caused Cronje crash
- ^Did a cricketer kill Woolmer?
- ^'Plane destroyed in Northwestern Ont. fire'. CBC News.
- ^'ASN Aircraft accident Hawker Siddeley HS-748-371 LFD Srs 2B 5Y-HAJ Rubkona Airport'. 17 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ^http://www.voanews.com/content/south-sudan-plane-crash-lutheran-world-federation-aid/2520399.html
- ^'2013 World Airliner Census', pp. 47-48.
- ^Michell, Simon (editor) (1994). Jane's Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades, 1994–95. Jane's Information Group.
- ^'Avro 748 moves to Liverpool'. Aeroplane (Cudham: Kelsey Publishing) (January 2012): 11.
- 'World Airliner Census'. Flight International, Volume 184, Number 5403, 13–19 August 2013, pp. 40–58.
External links
- BAe/HS 748 AEW
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Hawker Siddeley Hs 748
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